Catatan Seorang Ahli Forensik

Kebenaran, sedalam apapun disembunyikan ia akan menampakkan dirinya. Kesan itulah yang saya dapat dari pembacaan buku ahli forensik yang sangat berpengalaman mengolah berbagai kasus besar di Indonesia. Saya kagum, bahwa dengan kesibukannya beliau masih mampu menuliskan pengalamannya menangani kasus-kasus besar. Sebut saja Tragedi Trisakti dan Tragedi Semanggi. Lagi, mengenai kasus kematian aktivis HAM, Munir. Usaha beliau dalam menyibak fakta-fakta tersembunyi patut diacungi jempol dan diapresiasi setinggi-tingginya, ditengah usaha pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan untuk menyembunyikannya.

Buku ini dibuka dengan pengantar dari pengacara kondang (yang kini tersandung kasus) O. C. Kaligis dan kriminolog Adrianus Meliala. Pendapat mereka sangat membantu dalam pembacaan kisah-kisah penulis karena dapat menjembatani pengalaman awam pembaca terhadap penulis. Penulis sendiri dengan pengalaman yang cukup panjang dalam berkiprah di bidang kedokteran forensik menyuguhkan tulisan-tulisan yang logis, ilmiah, dan faktual.

Menarik untuk menyimak penuturan penulis pada bab pertama. Penulis mengungkapkan berbagai temuannya seputar tragedi Semanggi, kematian aktivis buruh Marsinah, keanehan seputar peristiwa meninggalnya Bung Karno, hingga tragedi penembakan Nasruddin dan misteri dibalik meninggalnya aktivis HAM, Munir. Beliau menulis banyak soal kejanggalan-kejanggalan dan fakta tersembunyi dalam semua kasus tersebut. Ada banyak temuan-temuan yang faktual namun entah bagaimana mereka tidak pernah tersampaikan atau tampil menghiasi media massa. Dengan begitu, hilangnya nyawa dan selesainya kasus berhenti pada kesimpulan sementara semata. Tanpa mengindahkan fakta-fakta yang menyebabkan terjadinya kejadian-kejadian tersebut.

Memasuki bab selanjutnya, penulis menghadirkan sekelumit kisah tentang keterlibatan bidang kedokteran forensik dengan perkara kepolisian. Penulis agaknya sengaja membuat pendekatan yang lebih ilmiah agar peran kedokteran forensik dapat diterima sebagai sesuatu yang wajar dan masuk akal dalam mengungkapkan satu kasus kejahatan/kriminal atau kecelakaan. Penulis mengambil contoh kasus dari beberapa kejadian penting yang melibatkan kasus kematian karena penembakan, ledakan, dan kecelakaan pesawat. Pada bab kedua ini, penulis lebih memberikan penekanan terhadap manfaat dan kegunaan kedokteran forensik.

Penulis juga tidak melepaskan perhatiannya kepada kasus kejahatan narkotika dan psikotropika serta pengaruh alkohol dalam kedokteran forensik. Penulis mengungkap juga satu kasus besar soal narkotika yang melibatkan Zarina, sang Ratu Ekstasi. Pada bab ketiga ini, penulis tidak terlalu banyak menulis pengalamannya.

Pengalaman penulis tidak terbatas hanya pada kasus kriminal yang melibatkan orang dewasa. Penulis juga mengungkap beberapa kasus yang pernah ditanganinya dalam hal kekerasan seksual dan kejahatan terhadap anak. Dalam bab ini, penulis banyak mengungkapkan pendapatnya mengenai kasus bayi tertukar, bayi hasil dari aborsi, pedofilia. Termasuk, kasus mutilasi anak dengan modus yang sama sekali baru dimana pelaku memotong korbannya dalam beberapa bagian dan disebar di berbagai tempat.

Bab 5 ditandai dengan judul yang menyatakan kedokteran forensik sebagai “pisau” ilmiah. Namun, bab ini lebih membahas seputar hal-hal teknis dari kedokteran forensik itu sendiri. Untuk membedakannya dengan bab-bab sebelumnya. Pada bab terakhir, penulis memberikan keterangannya sekali lagi pada beberapa kasus pembunuhan, mutilasi, kematian Marsinah, hingga kematian Fathurahman Al Ghozi, tertuduh teroris yang meninggal di Filipina dan sempat membuat hubungan Jakarta-Manila menegang beberapa tahun silam.

Harus diakui bahwa tidak banyak ahli yang mampu menuliskan berbagai pengalamannya selama berkecimpung dalam satu bidang keahliannya. Adalah satu kekhususan dimana penulis mampu menuliskan beberapa kasus penting yang turut melibatkannya dalam pemeriksaan forensik. Perlu dicermati bahwa penulis menyertakan fakta-fakta yang jarang atau bahkan tidak diketahui sama sekali oleh publik. Saya mencermati pada kasus Munir, keterangan yang diberikan pada buku adalah sama dengan keterangan yang penulis berikan pada wawancara atau pun coverage media cetak lainnya. Dengan demikian, tidaklah terlalu salah bila buku dilabeli voice of voiceless.

Judul          : Indonesia X-Files

Penulis       : Abdul Mun'im Idries

Penerbit      : Noura Books

Tahun         : 2013

Tebal          : 359 hal.

Genre         : Memoar-Kedokteran Forensik

Halim Perdanakusuma, 26 November 2015.

Tips Hidup Sehat: Burn More Calories

Top 10: Ways To Burn More Calories

Huge training and dietary interventions are definitely a great way to jump-start fat loss. With that said, many times this approach fails as people can’t handle changing many aspects of their daily routine all at once. Even if they can, sometimes the best way to stave off weight gain is to make slight modifications to the things you’re already doing. Whether you want to lose fat or maintain low levels of fat, use these 10 ways to help burn more calories throughout the day.

No.10 Interrupt your day with brief exercises

The problem most of us have is that we spend way too much time sitting in a relatively passive position (meaning minimal muscle activation). Getting up to do a few squats in your cubical or simply sitting up straight, tensing your stomach and pulling your shoulder blades back for 30-second holds throughout the day will help strengthen the muscles that reinforce good posture -- and you'll burn some calories in the process.

No.9 Eat spicy foods

Have you ever felt that you were going to break into a sweat while munching on some jalapenos?  Most people have felt the physical effects of spicy food at some point in their lives. The truth is that spicy foods can actually speed up your metabolism. Adding a little spice to your foods will help you burn more calories after you eat.

No.8 Move weights quickly

In general, you should perform your exercises so that you lower the weight under control, then move it up as quickly as possible. This lowers the recruitment threshold of motor units, meaning you’ll get more muscle fibers involved with each repetition. More muscle involved on each repetition can translate into more calories burned during your training sessions.

No.7 Maintain adequate hydration

There are a million advantages to staying hydrated. Because optimal mental and physical performance depends on proper hydration, staying hydrated will allow you to train with a greater focus and intensity, so you'll burn more calories. If you’re worried about burning calories, you’re probably interested in losing fat, in which case keeping your carbohydrates low is going to be essential. If water doesn’t suit your taste buds, try a low-carb sports drink like POWERADE ZERO.

No.6 Add muscle mass

Compared with other tissues in the body (like bone or fat tissue), muscle has a significantly higher metabolic rate. This means that it “costs” your body more calories to keep it alive and functioning. Aside from the fact that the process of building muscle will burn calories, just having a few pounds of muscle will allow you to burn more calories throughout the day, regardless of your activity levels. Plus, chicks dig guys with a muscular physique. Everywhere you look, a win.

No.5 Lift heavy weights

The old “light weight, high reps” idea is a mistake. All these programs do is waste your time. Everyone worth their salt knows that muscular adaptations result from training that tests muscular capacity. Some people recommend doing sets to failure as a means of testing capacity, which can be beneficial in adding muscle mass (if done correctly). Another strategy to add muscle and a lot of strength is to lift heavy weights. Heavy, of course, is all relative to your individual capacity. If you have a solid training base and are familiar with all the exercises you’re doing, try adding in some high-load, six-to-eight rep sets to your training session. These heavier loads are more likely to recruit more muscle mass, allowing you to improve your strength and the size of your muscles as you burn a ton of calories.

No.4 Do unilateral lower body exercises

When most people see someone do a squat with 300 pounds and a reverse lunge with 200 pounds, they assume the squat is a more effective exercise because you can move a heavier load. Surprisingly, external training loads are somewhat comparable between exercises like front squats and reverse lunges. If someone can front squat 225 pounds for 6 reps, he can probably reverse lunge about 225 pounds for 6 reps each leg. There are both neural and mechanical reasons for this phenomenon. By choosing the unilateral option (reverse lunges), you create a greater stimulus to the working muscles and are forced to do more reps. Both of these results will help you burn more calories during your training.

No.3 Eat high-quality protein with every meal

The thermogenic effect of digesting/absorbing protein is higher than other macronutrients, like fat and carbs. This means that it takes more energy/calories to process protein. In fact, some reports state that as much as 50% of the calories consumed as protein are “used” in the digestion/absorption process. Eating a high-quality protein source (like fish and  lean meats) will increase the thermogenic effect of the meal and keep your metabolism revved up.

No.2 Perform mini-lifting circuits

Most traditional programs have you sit and rest between sets of an exercise. It’s true that this allows the muscles you just used to rest. If you’re competing in a max-effort lift, this is a good “recovery” strategy. For the average gym-goer, it’s a complete waste of time. There’s a substantial difference between localized fatigue (one muscle group) and central fatigue (full body). Most sets result in localized fatigue, meaning the rest of your body is rested enough to do a quality set. Instead of sending text messages or sitting on a bench and staring blankly at the girl across from you, use your rest intervals to do exercises for different muscle groups. An example would be do a mini-circuit with a dumbbell reverse lunge, dumbbell chest press and stability ball front plank. By using this “rest period” to do exercises for different muscle groups, you can burn more calories in the same amount of training time.

No.1 For cardio, do high intensity interval training

High intensity interval training (HIIT) is the most effective “bang-for-your-buck” calorie-burner out there. It’s also the most effective fat burner. Forget everything you’ve been told about “fat burning zones”; the truth is that there is a formidable amount of scientific evidence supporting interval training over steady-state cardio work in terms of fat and weight loss. In fact, one report demonstrated that interval training burns nine times as much fat per calorie burned. Since you burn substantially more calories in any given time period using interval training (compared with steady-state cardio), HIIT is an easy choice to meet your calorie-burning needs.

Taken from here

Paninggilan, 24 September 2011